"Is it possible for the breaker to appear in the on position, but not allow the electricity to the ceiling lights?"

Certainly possible, but not at all probable.

"Besides that, what else would cause the problem?"

A loose connection, broken wire or defective device in any of the "recessed lighting, ceiling fan, and the bathroom lighting" locations you mentioned, or in a junction box feeding same.

I respectfully suggest that the fact that you ask this question indicates that you may be well advised to call an electrician.

Do you have any GFCI outlets that could have tripped?

Thanks,

Yes, i did check all the GFCI's. no issue there.

Strange happended all fo a sudden.

We will see.

Update and conclusion,

Yes, it was within the GFCI box; evidently, connected wires were loose. Presto

Thanks for all your comments, esp kudzu9, whom must a pyschic.

jimrac-
I'm not psychic...it was just the voice of experience speaking after some time-consuming experiences of my own. Glad you were able to sleuth that one out.