You have made a significant error, that prompts me to suggest that you call on a qualified person to fix your problem, or at the least check your work.

The green wire does not connect to the "3 blacks and 1 white". By doing so, you are shorting the circuit to ground. Green is for equipment grounding only.

You have created a definitive--but very dangerous and NON-approved--method for testing your circuit breaker on this branch circuit. Back away slowly. Leave that breaker OFF, for now.

Is the junction box the light fixture is attached to metal or plastic? Do the wires run in conduits or cables?

The reason you don't see any red wires in the light box is because the reds are "travelers" only between the two switches. This is normal. That you don't know this indicates you're operating beyond your safe abilities.

Most everything else you describe, sounds faulty. e.g. tying neutrals (whites) to GND is verbotten, and negates a major safety feature of modern wiring. Your former light was barely/dangerously working. View your current predicament as a fortuitous opportunity to rectify several dangerous jury-rigs... by calling a pro.

Review the following link on 3-way switching.

Here is a link that might be useful: How 3-way circuits are wired...