Wood windows should just have a glazing bead or stop that you would remove cut/scrap the caulk and pop in new glass. Which as you already know is the least expensive option. You will have guys come on here and suggest drilling holes to relieve moisture and other ways of supposedly resealing and repairing insulated units but I personally am not a fan of this system. Maybe one or two windows but with a bunch of windows I would buy new insulated glass units.

Re-glaze or drill them.

Drilling them is cheaper (We do not do that but have seen it as effective band aid fix).

Re-glazing will be more expensive but is a more permanent repair when compared to the drilling option.

Thanks. I will look into getting replacement glass, then. Definitely not interested in trying to repair the glass with drilling holes or reglazing, especially since there is calcification caked on the glass. Hopefully, I will be able to get a better grade of insulated glass than I have at the moment too.