There is MAHOGANY and there there is mahogany. It grows all over the world under different specie names. If you have Honduran Mahogany, then you have yourself a piece of wood. If its from the Phillipines, then not so much so. Here'e the cheap and cheerful fix for you. Go over the entire table with mineral spirits and wipe it down well. Then steel wool the entire top with # 0000 grade staying with the grain of the table and resist the urge to wool the top in an arc with your arm. The steel wool will knock down all your hairline scratches. Now, go to Lowes or Home Depot and get a pint of Paste Varnish (Bartley Brand or similar). Clear or tinted, either one. With a clean rag, apply the paste varnish to the top, keeping it VERY dry. No wet coverage, just enough to put material on the top. DRY-DRY-DRY (did I mention to keep it dry?) Let it dry well, then if you feel any 'nits' in the topcoat, knock the nits down with a 3M scrub pad and apply one more dry coat. Any further nits can be lightly knocked down as well, then follow with a coat of paste wax of your choice. All done. The paste varnish will cover the scratches and you have a barrier against mild heat (not hot!). For under $ 20 you can fix it up.

What colors do you recommend over the brown and white parts? At first we thought white would go well with the black top, however, it sort of looks like a diner table which is not ideal. The white is just primer, what color scheme do you recommend? I'm trying to keep the black top because I rather not redo it.

Absolutely a cool table! I think, unless it is a valuable antique, that the chalk paint idea sounds good. "Almost" matching wood tones may look odd. Also depends on where you plan to use it, though - the chalk paint would be a much less formal look.

Your picture did not post. I stripped, sanded and refinished my oak harvest table last year. Although I am happy with the result, it was a much much bigger job than I thought it would be. More expensive in terms of materials, took a lot longer, and very challenging to get the colour and finish right. I don't recommend it. I think there are ways to fix a scratch that don't involve refinishing the whole table. There are companies like Furniture Medic that can do something like this.