I may be missing something, but I think I have found several images of your situation; link below.

This image isn't of a base that sticks out, but the counter has a soapstone look, which may help you.

Here is a link that might be useful: Images of your sink in similar installs

You bump out the sink, or the cabinet. Not both. If you do both, you will lose at least 6'' of aisle width, and create a hip banger obstacle course.

I am worried about the couple inches that would project beyong the countertop. I am probably not explaining very good. Need more coffee.

It's called an architectural element and is usually just 6" and is designed to break the plane.

The sink is also brought forward for ease of use.

The cabinet is usually wider in these instances, 42" in your case.

While hard surface material has "square corners" they can also be slightly radiased. However, in a short time, it will be normal.

So did I screw up or can I make this work?

Found the one I had seen before! It's from 2LittleFishies. It looks like the cabinet is a few inches larger than the sink though. Mine would end up with skinnier pieces of soapstone to cover the sticky-outy parts of the sink base. Hopefully that would not create too much of a weak spot in the stone?

Here is a link that might be useful:

Traditionally, when you are doing a bumpout at the sink with a farmhouse sink, you have some type of posts or decorative element to each side to beef out that countertop bumpout. What we did here was to keep the sink base in the same plane as the cabinets, but the 6" W posts are the same depth as the sink bumpout (3"). That wouldn't work if the sink base cabinet were the same size as the sink and also bumped out as well as the sink. You wouldn't want a narrow fragile bit of counter space there.

[Transitional Kitchen[(https://www.houzz.com/photos/transitional-kitchen-ideas-phbr1-bp~t_709~s_2112) by Other Metro Kitchen & Bath Designers ProSource Memphis

[Transitional Kitchen[(https://www.houzz.com/photos/transitional-kitchen-ideas-phbr1-bp~t_709~s_2112) by Other Metro Kitchen & Bath Designers ProSource Memphis

So, should I go with a 30"? Nobody has a 33" in stock, and the wait is 3 weeks at minimum.

Go with a plain undermount sink if you're going to bump the base out.