I doubt there's a definitive answer to your question.

Electronics in a car that is garaged most of the time should last longer because they're exposed to fewer extreme shifts in temperature. A car that "lives" in the country likely will have its wiring exposed to less corrosive elements (smog, etc.), which could help it last longer. A car that is frequently exposed to high humidity (especially near salt water) suffers more than a car that is used in a dry area -- though that car runs the risk of dust causing problems or heat retention. People who do only short-hop driving run the risk of problems with their emissions equipment.

On a purely-electronic level, the chips and capacitors and circuit boards are fairly inert. They can last for several decades; certainly longer than 10.

Wiring -- especially rubber and vinyl -- will deteriorate over time because of the heat and flexure that is part of a running car -- though it will deteriorate more slowly in a car that isn't driven much or isn't driven in extreme conditions. Tire manufacturers are recommending that tires be replaced every six years or so regardless of the mileage on them; I would guess that hoses/belts/rubber components under the hood have a similar lifespan. The timing belt in my car -- a reinforced rubber belt -- should be replaced every 100,000 miles or every five years, whichever comes first. Repetitive motions also can damage electronics-related components, like trunk-light wiring, depending on design.

Then there's the question of what you can live without. A failed open-door sensor or a flickering trunk light is a nuisance, but certainly not a showstopper.